Formation of the costimulatory axis between the B7-2 and CD28 coreceptors is critical for T-
cell activation. Superantigens, Gram-positive bacterial virulence factors, cause toxic shock …

Full T-cell activation requires interaction between the costimulatory receptors B7-2 and
CD28. By binding CD28, bacterial superantigens elicit harmful inflammatory cytokine …

During severe bacterial infections, death and disease are often caused by an overly strong
immune response of the human host. Acute toxic shock is induced by superantigen toxins, a …

Every adaptive immune response requires costimulation through the B7/CD28 axis, with
CD28 on T-cells functioning as principal costimulatory receptor. Staphylococcal and …

Bacterial superantigens, a diverse family of toxins, induce an inflammatory cytokine storm
that can lead to lethal shock. CD28 is a homodimer expressed on T cells that functions as …

Staphylococcal and streptococcal superantigens are virulence factors that cause toxic shock
by hyperinducing inflammatory cytokines. Effective T-cell activation requires interaction …

Background The inflammatory response is indispensable for protective immunity, yet
microbial pathogens often trigger an excessive response,'cytokine storm', harmful to the …

Superantigens are virulence factors secreted by microorganisms that can cause various
immune diseases, such as overactivating the immune system, resulting in cytokine storms …

Staphylococcus enterotoxins bind class II MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells (APC)
and stimulate T cells expressing appropriate Vβ gene products. Although the role of non …

Superantigens are bacterial proteins that generate a powerful immune response by binding
to Major Histocompatibility Complex class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells and T …