The opioid system plays a crucial role in maintaining gastrointestinal homeostasis.
Endogenous opioid peptide enkephalins have anti-inflammatory effect and participate in the …

Inflammatory bowel diseases, primarily Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic
inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract with unknown etiology. The majority of …

The opioid receptors play important roles in the regulation of sense and emotions. Although
it is recently revealed that opioid receptors are also expressed in various cells, but not …

Background and aims: Recent studies with μ opioid receptor (MOR) deficient mice support a
physiological anti-inflammatory effect of MOR at the colon interface. To better understand the …

Endogenous opioid and nociceptin systems are widely distributed in the gastrointestinal
tract where they seem to play a crucial role in maintaining the intestinal homeostasis. The …

Oroxyloside, as a metabolite of oroxylin A, may harbor various beneficial bioactivities which
have rarely been reported in the previous studies. Here we established the dextran sulfate …

Abstract Background and Aims Opioids are the most prescribed analgesics for pain in
inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD]; however, the consequences of opioid use on IBD …

Oroxindin is a flavonoid isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Huang-Qin, which
has shown various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antitumor …

Background μ opioid receptors (μ OR s) are expressed by neurons and inflammatory cells,
and mediate immune response. We tested whether activation of peripheral μ OR s …

The sustained activation of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway has been
observed in human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Ophiopogonin D (OP-D) is a small …