Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are widely presented in plants and about half of them have
been reported to be toxic. Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) is the major …

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are among the most hepatotoxic natural compounds that are
widely distributed throughout the world. Most PAs are metabolically activated to trigger …

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are among the most potent phytotoxins widely distributed in
plant species around the world. PA is one of the major causes responsible for the …

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are one type of phytotoxins distributed in various plants,
including many medicinal herbs. Many organs might suffer injuries from the intake of PAs …

Saturated and unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are present in more than 6000 plant
species growing in countries all over the world. They have a typical heterocyclic structure in …

Abstract Background Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are common phytotoxins. PA intoxication
is reported to cause severe acute liver damage, typically known as hepatic sinusoidal …

The main hepatic injury of Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) is sinusoidal-obstruction syndrome
(SOS), which is a major medical complication of bone marrow transplantation [1]. PA are …

PURPOSE: This article aimed 1) to review herbal medicine containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids
(PA)-induced toxicities of the liver; 2) to encourage the recognition and prevention of …

Recently, hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) caused by herbal preparations
containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), such as Gynura Rhizoma (Tusanqi), has gained …

Herbal drug‐induced liver injury has been reported worldwide and gained global attention.
Thousands of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) cases have been reported …