Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease characterized by chronic
inflammation and irreversible airway obstruction. Cigarette smoking is the predominant risk …

Smoking is the main etiologic factor in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Cigarette smoke produces an enormous oxidant burden on the lungs, which is exacerbated …

Oxidative stress is a damaging process resulting from an imbalance between excessive
generation of oxidant compounds and insufficient antioxidant defence mechanisms …

Chronic inhalation of cigarette smoke is a prominent cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) and provides an important source of exogenous oxidants. In addition …

As eukaryotic life evolved, so too did the need for a source of energy that meets the
requirements of complex organisms. Oxygen provides this vast potential energy source, but …

Oxidative stress can contribute to the development of diseases, and may originate from
exposures to toxicants commonly found in air pollution and cigarette smoke such as …

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with increased
oxidative and nitrosative stress. The aim of our study was to assess the importance of these …

Cigarette smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) are important risk
factors for many cancers. However, exposure doses have usually not been quantitatively …

Oxidative stress is induced by tobacco smoking and is also associated with exposure to air
pollution, which are two of the most important risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary …

Loss of antioxidant/oxidant homeostasis perpetuates inflammation in the lungs and may
contribute to the development of COPD and lung cancer. Cigarette smoke (CS) is a primary …