Bacteria must frequently adapt to drastic changes in their environment. For example,
Escherichia coli released from the gut can survive for some period of time in soil or water …

Under iron limitation, bacteria scavenge ferric (Fe3+) iron bound to siderophores or other
chelates from the environment to fulfill their nutritional requirement. In gram‐negative …

2. TRANSPORT ACROSS THE OUTER MEMBRANE 2.1. The Need for Receptor Proteins
2.2. The Receptor Proteins Form Regulated Channels 2.3. Energy Requirement for Channel …

The possession of specialized iron transport systems may be crucial for bacteria to override
the iron limitation imposed by the host or the environment. One of the most commonly found …

The insolubility of Fe 3+ necessitates special mechanisms for iron acquisition in most
organisms. Bacteria use siderophores to chelate Fe 3+ and iron in heme, hemoglobin …

Streptonigrin was used to select mutants impaired in the citrate-dependent iron transport
system of Escherichia coli K-12. Mutants in fecA and fecB could not transport iron via citrate …

Escherichia coli B and K-12 express a citrate-dependent iron (III) transport system for which
three structural genes and their arrangement and products have been determined. The fecA …

Bacteria solve the iron supply problem caused by the insolubility of Fe3+ by synthesizing
iron-complexing compounds, called siderophores, and by using iron sources of their hosts …

Induction of the citrate‐dependent iron transport system of Escherichia coli K‐12 required
0.1 mM citrate and 0.1 μM iron in the growth medium. Five‐ten‐times more iron than citrate …

A mechanism of ion transport across membranes is reported. Microbial transport of Fe3+
generally delivers iron, a growth-limiting nutrient, to cells via highly specific siderophore …