Sleep is characterized by synchronized events in billions of synaptically coupled neurons in
thalamocortical systems. The activation of a series of neuromodulatory transmitter systems …

Brain activity during sleep is characterized by circuit-specific oscillations, including slow
waves, spindles and theta waves, which are nested in thalamocortical or hippocampal …

Different global patterns of brain activity are associated with distinct arousal and behavioral
states of an animal, but how the brain rapidly switches between different states remains …

Spontaneous brain oscillations during states of vigilance are associated with neuronal
plasticity due to rhythmic spike bursts and spike trains fired by thalamic and neocortical …

During sleep, the mammalian brain generates an orderly progression of low frequency
oscillations. The nature of these oscillations changes as the brain moves from sleep onset …

Different brain rhythms, with both low-frequency and fast-frequency, are grouped within
complex wave-sequences. Instead of dissecting various frequency bands of the major …

Sleep is essential for both cognition and maintenance of healthy brain function. Slow waves
in neural activity contribute to memory consolidation, whereas cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) …

When the brain goes from wakefulness to sleep, cortical neurons begin to undergo slow
oscillations in their membrane potential that are synchronized by thalamocortical circuits and …

During various states of vigilance, brain oscillations are grouped together through reciprocal
connections between the neocortex and thalamus. The coherent activity in corticothalamic …

Surprisingly, the concept of sleep, its necessity and function, the mechanisms of action, and
its elicitors are far from being completely understood. A key to sleep function is to determine …