During much of sleep, virtually all cortical neurons undergo a slow oscillation (< 1 Hz) in
membrane potential, cycling from a hyperpolarized state of silence to a depolarized state of …

Ongoing spontaneous activity in the cerebral cortex exhibits complex spatiotemporal
patterns in the absence of sensory stimuli. To elucidate the nature of this ongoing activity, we …

Neural network modeling is often concerned with stimulus-driven responses, but most of the
activity in the brain is internally generated. Here, we review network models of internally …

The cortex processes stimuli through a distributed network of specialized brain areas. This
processing requires mechanisms that can route neuronal activity across weakly connected …

Even in the absence of sensory stimulation, the neocortex shows complex spontaneous
activity patterns, often consisting of alternating “DOWN” states of generalized neural silence …

Rich spatiotemporal dynamics of cortical activity, including complex and diverse wave
patterns, have been identified during unconscious and conscious brain states. Yet, how …

Intelligent behavior is characterized by flexible and creative pursuit of endogenously defined
goals. Intentionality is a key concept by which to link neuron and brain to goal-directed …

Slow brain rhythms are attributed to near-simultaneous (synchronous) changes in activity in
neuron populations in the brain. Because they are slow and widespread, synchronous …

Cortical neurons emit seemingly erratic trains of action potentials or “spikes,” and neural
network dynamics emerge from the coordinated spiking activity within neural circuits. These …

Perception, cognition and behavior rely on flexible communication between microcircuits in
distinct cortical regions. The mechanisms underlying rapid information rerouting between …