Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) is widely used in the management of muscle spasticity in children.
However, at present the dose of BTX-A for a given patient is selected empirically. The aim of …

Background Cerebral palsy (CP) is" a group of permanent disorders of the development of
movement and posture causing activity limitation (s) that are attributed to non‐progressive …

Wallen MA, O'Flaherty SJ, Waugh M-CA. Functional outcomes of intramuscular botulinum
toxin type A in the upper limbs of children with cerebral palsy: a phase II trial. Arch Phys Med …

Background: The controlled evidence favoring botulinum toxin A (BtA) treatment for
spasticity in cerebral palsy is based on short-term studies. Methods: We conducted a …

Effective use of the upper limb can impact on educational outcomes, participation in
activities of daily living and vocational options for many children with cerebral palsy (CP) …

At least two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown botulinum toxin type A (BtxA) to
be efficacious and safe when used in the management of muscle spasticity in children …

This study compared the effects of low and high doses of botulinum toxin A (BTX‐A) to
improve upper extremity function. Thirty‐nine children (22 males, 17 females) with a mean …

Local injection of botulinum toxin (BT) is a well‐established treatment option for spastic
movement disorders in children. BT blocks the release of acetylcholine from the axon …

There is growing interest in the therapeutic role of botulinum toxin A (BTA) in cerebral palsy.
1 The drug is currently unlicensed for this use, but a number of small trials have indicated …

Objective: To compare the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A injection guided by different
localizing techniques, electrical stimulation and palpation, to treat spasticity of the ankle …