Biominerals and biomaterials are part of our daily lives, from our skeleton and teeth to coral
reefs and carbon-capturing single-cell organisms in the oceans, to engineered ceramics …

Human bone is a complex hierarchical material. Understanding bone structure and its
corresponding composition at the nanometer scale is critical for elucidating mechanisms of …

Nanocrystalline biological apatites constitute the mineral phase of vertebrate bone and
teeth. Beyond their central importance to the mechanical function of our skeleton, their …

Bone is a functional material comprised of mainly two phases: an organic collagenous
phase and an inorganic mineral phase. Collagen–mineral arrangement has implications for …

The development of three-dimensional (3-D), characterisation techniques with high spatial
and mass resolution is crucial for understanding and developing advanced materials for …

Frequently, fundamental scientific and technological issues are related to the chemical
structure of a material at the nanometer or even atomistic length scales. This includes, but is …

Atom probe tomography (APT) provides three-dimensional compositional mapping with sub-
nanometre resolution. The sensitivity of APT is in the range of parts per million for all …

At an implant biointerface, where an engineered material merges into a biological
environment, complex biophysicochemical interactions occur. One typical biointerface is the …

Abstract Atom Probe Tomography (APT) is rapidly finding new applications within the
geosciences. Historically connected with materials science and semiconductor device …

Atom probe tomography (APT) combines the highest spatial resolution with chemical data at
atomic scale for the analysis of materials. For geological specimens, the process of field …