Gut microbiota is the most diverse and complex biological ecosystem, which is estimated to
consist of greater than 5 million distinct genes and 100 trillion cells which are in constant …

Introduction: Gut microbiota plays critical roles in drug metabolism. The variation of gut
microbiota contributes to the interindividual differences toward drug therapy including drug …

Increasing evidence uncovers the involvement of gut microbiota in the metabolism of
numerous pharmaceutical drugs. The human gut microbiome harbors 10–100 trillion …

The gut microbiota is considered a key 'metabolic organ'. Its metabolic activities play
essential roles complementary to the host metabolic functions. The interplays between gut …

The intestinal mucosa and liver have long been considered as the main sites of drug
metabolism, and the contribution of gut microbiota to drug metabolism has been under …

The fate and activity of drugs are frequently dictated not only by the host per se but also by
the microorganisms present in the gastrointestinal tract. The gut microbiome is known to …

The human gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem that can mediate the interaction of the
human host with their environment. The interaction between gut microbes and commonly …

The microbiome plays a key role in health and disease, and there has been considerable
interest in therapeutic targeting of the microbiome as well as mining this rich resource in …

Considered as an essential “metabolic organ”, intestinal microbiota plays a key role in
human health and the predisposition to diseases. It is an aggregate genome of trillions of …

The efficacy of drugs widely varies in individuals, and the gut microbiota plays an important
role in this variability. The commensal microbiota living in the human gut encodes several …