Cardiovascular disease begins early in the course of renal decline and is a life-limiting
problem in patients with CKD. The increased burden of cardiovascular disease is due, at …

A high prevalence of vascular calcification (VC) and a high incidence of cardiovascular
events are two key complications of chronic kidney disease. Since most observational …

Vascular calcification contributes to the high risk of cardiovascular mortality in chronic kidney
disease (CKD) patients. Dysregulation of calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) metabolism is …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with fatal cardiovascular consequences in part
due to ectopic calcification of soft tissues particularly arteries, capillaries, and cardiac valves …

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have
significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality that is in part due to the development of …

In chronic kidney disease (CKD) vascular calcification occurs in response to deranged
calcium and phosphate metabolism and is characterized by vascular smooth muscle cell …

Vascular calcification is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of
death in patients with chronic kidney disease. Mechanistic studies highlight the importance …

Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney
disease (CKD). Vascular calcification is a common complication in CKD, and investigators …

Vascular calcification is highly correlated with cardiovascular disease mortality, especially in
patients with ESRD or diabetes. In addition to the devastating effects of inappropriate …

The increase in prevalence and severity of vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease is
a result of complex interactions between changes in the vascular bed, mineral metabolites …