Background: High levels of nitrate (NO 3−) in drinking water cause methemoglobinemia in
infants; however, few studies have examined the potential effects of low-level exposure on …

Background: Evidence is emerging that preterm birth (PTB, birth before 37 completed weeks
of gestation), a risk factor for neonatal mortality and future morbidity, may be induced by …

Background Prenatal nitrate exposure from household tap water has been associated with
increased risk of fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, birth defects, and childhood cancer …

Abstract Background In Western countries, age at pubertal development has declined during
the last century in girls, and probably also in boys. No studies have investigated whether …

Abstract Purpose of Review Recently, several epidemiological studies have investigated
whether prenatal exposure to nitrate from drinking water may be harmful to the fetus, even at …

Background A few studies have reported an increased risk of birth defects (BD) with
maternal exposure to nitrate in drinking water. We examined this association in a large …

Background: Nitrate is a widespread groundwater contaminant and a leading cause of
drinking water quality violations in California. Associations between nitrate exposure and …

Background: Previous studies of prenatal exposure to drinking-water nitrate and birth
defects in offspring have not accounted for water consumption patterns or potential …

Background Nitrate is a common water contaminant that has been associated with birth
defects, although the evidence is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine whether …

The relation between maternal exposure to nitrates in drinking water and risk of delivering
an infant with a central nervous system (CNS) malformation was examined by means of a …