To determine whether urine cobalt (Co) is associated with the prevalence of kidney stones,
we conducted a cross-sectional study of participants (≥ 20 years) involved in the National …

Purpose Heavy metal exposure can cause impaired or reduced pathology in the kidneys,
lungs, liver, and other vital organs. However, the relationship between heavy metal …

Background Trace metals are essential trace elements for the human body, but insufficient
or excessive levels of metal ions can lead to the development of disease. The purpose of …

Assessing the effects of heavy metals (HMs) on kidney stone is often limited to analyzing
individual metal exposures, with studies on the effects of exposure to mixtures of HMs being …

Background The association between exposure to trace elements mixture and the
prevalence of kidney stones and the interactions between elements are unclear. The aim of …

Aims: We aimed to determine whether there is an association between dietary zinc intake
(DZI) and prevalent kidney stone disease defined as self-report of any previous episode of …

Purpose The association between the intake of trace metals and the risk of incident stones
has not been longitudinally investigated. Materials and Methods We performed a …

Background The association between urinary cadmium and kidney stone risk is inconsistent
in previous studies, which needs further exploration. This study was performed to explore …

Objective The association between zinc intake and the risk of kidney stones remains
controversial. We examined the associations between dietary zinc intake, supplemental zinc …

Background Nephrotoxic metals of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury exposures are
common environmental pollutants. The associations between arsenic, cadmium, lead and …