Elucidation of estrogen carcinogenesis required a few fundamental discoveries made by
studying the mechanism of carcinogenesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The …

Objective Phytoestrogens display an array of pharmacologic properties, and in recent years
investigation of their potential as anticancer agents has increased dramatically. In this article …

International Journal of Clinical Oncology on the effect of estrogens on the metabolism of
carcinogens, we wish to express our opinion on the complex relation between estrogens …

Estrogens are a broad class of compounds which exert many physiological effects. In
addition to gonadal and peripheral endogenous estrogen production, humans can be …

Estrogen metabolism is suggested to play an important role in estrogen-induced breast
carcinogenesis. Epidemiologic studies suggest that diets rich in phytoestrogens are …

The standard paradigm providing a general mechanistic explanation for the association of
cumulative, excessive estrogen exposure and breast cancer risk is that estrogen and …

Various types of evidence have implicated estrogens in the etiology of human breast cancer
(C5, C9, C10, F1, L5, L6). They are generally thought to cause proliferation of breast …

In addition to the direct effect of estrogen on mitochondria and the redox cycling of catechol
estrogen, estrogen-induced proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) …

Estrogens can become endogenous carcinogens via formation of catechol estrogen
quinones, which react with DNA to form specific depurinating estrogen‐DNA adducts. The …

SY14-1 Even though the breast is influenced by a myriad of hormones and growth factors,
estrogens are considered to play a major role in promoting the proliferation of both the …