A single or repeated administration of morphine in mice produced hyperactivity, conditioned
place preference (CPP) and postsynaptic dopamine (DA) receptor supersensitivity. The …

Ginsenosides are the main active ingredients in ginseng and have recently been reported to
have beneficial effects on the CNS. Ocotillol is a derivate of pseudoginsenoside-F11, which …

Most herbal medicines that are orally administrated have been known to be metabolized
before they are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. We, therefore, examined the effects …

The aim of this study was to investigate whether ginsenoside Rf can effectively relieve pain
hypersensitivity in a neuropathic pain rat model. Neuropathic pain was induced in rats by …

Ethnopharmacological relevance The root of Panax ginseng CA Mey has various beneficial
pharmacological effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the analgesic activities of …

Ginsenosides are the major principles of Panax ginseng and have various pharmacological
actions on the central nervous system. In this report, we investigated whether ginsenoside …

The effects of various sodium channel blocking agents on acute thermal and mechanical
nociception, as assessed using the plantar and tail pressure tests, respectively, were …

To elucidate the mechanisms of antinociception mediated by the dopaminergic descending
pathway in the spinal cord, we investigated the actions of dopamine (DA) on substantia …

The traditional Japanese herbal medicine hangeshashinto (HST) has beneficial effects for
the treatment of oral ulcerative mucositis (OUM) in cancer patients. However, the ingredient …

Ginseng saponins are known to have various pharmacological actions on the central
nervous system. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) …