Human idiopathic post-menopausal mammary adenocarcinoma is a tumor of breast
epithelial tissue with a high incidence in women. The etiology of this disease stems from …

Phyto-estrogens are plant-derived compounds that can exert various estrogenic and anti-
estrogenic effects, and are usually used as a natural alternative to estrogen replacement …

This chapter discusses the possible beneficial and adverse effects of phytoestrogens and
comparable evaluations made. Phytoestrogens having subgroups are naturally occurring …

The vast majority of breast cancers,~ 70%, are not directly related to an inherited genetic
mutation. Environmental factors play a dominant role in the etiology of most breast cancers …

The standard paradigm providing a general mechanistic explanation for the association of
cumulative, excessive estrogen exposure and breast cancer risk is that estrogen and …

Studies in hamsters, mice and rats have demonstrated that estradiol (E2), its interconvertible
metabolite estrone (E1) and their catechol metabolites, in particular 4-hydroxy E2/E1, are …

Endogenous estrogens become carcinogens when excessive catechol estrogen quinone
metabolites are formed. Specifically, the catechol estrogen-3, 4-quinones can react with …

Breast cancer is a major cause of death worldwide. Amongst the various forms of treatment
chemoprevention is favoured and natural products such as the dietary flavonoids have been …

Introduction Both indole-3-carbinol and dietary lignans have beneficial effects on estrogen
metabolism and breast cancer risk. There is no published literature on the effects of a …

Phytoestrogens are natural plant compounds which have a similarity to human estrogens.
They hold great potential for health benefits. Recent epidemiological studies have …