Basic vital functions are supposed to be shared by all living organisms and distinguish them
from nonliving things. Three core vital functions recognized by most authors as the defining …

Is instinct a viable concept for contemporary psychology? At the turn of the 20th century the
concept of human instinct was the focus of extensive discussion. Today instinct has been all …

In this chapter, we highlight an integrative perspective, building on the work of many recent
scientists, which synthesizes current perspectives with the recognition that the behavior …

The concept of instinct has fallen into disrepute, due to a number of problems with the way it
had been conceived, mostly related to the concept of innateness. Yet the legacy of instincts …

How do migratory birds, herding dogs, and navigating sea turtles do the amazing things that
they do? For hundreds of years, scientists and philosophers have struggled over possible …

Humans spontaneously attribute to nonhuman animals mental states similar to their own,
such as desires and beliefs. Nevertheless, it has been commonplace, grounded in Western …

Investigators from various scientific fields are challenging current concepts and exploring
new theories of aggression, a topic that elicits considerable controversy, expressed at times …

What can the evolution of animal behaviour tell us about human behaviour? More
specifically, how good an account of animal behaviour can we give in terms of evolution …

Simple Summary Animal welfare is the result of physical and psychological well-being and
is expected to occur if animals are free:(1) from hunger, thirst and malnutrition,(2) from …

Motivational states are concepts that help explain why animals' behaviour patterns change
from one moment to the next, especially in terms of which external stimuli are responded to …