In the heart, Ca2+ signals regulate a variety of biological functions ranging from contractility
to gene expression, cellular hypertrophy and death. In this review, we summarize the role of …

Rhythmic increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration underlie the contractile function of
the heart. These heart muscle-wide changes in intracellular Ca2+ are induced and …

Highlights•Heart failure is subclassified based on reduced or preserved ejection
fraction.•Treatments targeting cardiomyocyte Ca 2+ homeostasis are effective in HFrEF.•Half …

Cardiac myocyte excitation—contraction coupling is complex. There are many systems
involved that interact to form varied, but well‐tuned, effects that are essential to contractile …

No other inorganic molecule known in biology is considered as versatile as Ca2+. In a vast
majority of cell types, Ca2+ acts as a universal second messenger underlying critical cellular …

Abstract Calcium (Ca 2+) plays a central role in cardiomyocyte excitation-contraction
coupling. To ensure an optimal electrical impulse propagation and cardiac contraction, Ca …

Ca 2+ is a central player in the excitation-contraction coupling of cardiac myocytes, the
process that enables the heart to contract and relax. Mishandling of Ca 2+ is a central cause …

Calcium (Ca) is a universal intracellular second messenger. In muscle, Ca is best known for
its role in contractile activation. However, in recent years the critical role of Ca in other …

Central to controlling intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+] i) are a number of Ca2+
transporters and channels with the L-type Ca2+ channel, Na+–Ca2+ exchanger and …

Calcium (Ca2+) is a critical regulator of cardiac myocyte function. Principally, Ca2+ is the
link between the electrical signals that pervade the heart and contraction of the myocytes to …