Background To identify bipolar disorder during the initial stages of a depressive episode has
always been a great clinical challenge. Patterns of functional brain activity may underlie the …

Abnormal emotional processing is involved in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD)
and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, whether the neural mechanism underlying …

Background Neuroimaging studies using multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)
have provided compelling evidence about the dysfunction of the frontotemporal cortices in …

Distinguishing bipolar disorder (BD) from major depressive disorder (MDD) is clinically
challenging, especially during depressive episodes. While both groups are characterized by …

Background. Patterns of abnormal neural activation have been observed during working
memory tasks in bipolar I depression, yet the neural changes associated with bipolar II …

BACKGROUND: Bipolar depression has been found to be associated with changes in
prefrontal cortex activity during performance of cognitive tasks. However, the role of task …

Background: The Tower of London (TOL) task is one of the most commonly used tests for
evaluating executive functions, and can indicate planning and problem-solving abilities. The …

Purpose Bipolar disorder (BD) patients with psychotic symptoms (BDp) worsens prognosis
and decreases rates of recovery. The study investigated cognitive performance and brain …

Altered prefrontal brain activity (eg hypofrontality) during cognitive tasks such as working
memory is a core neuroimaging marker in unipolar (UNI) and bipolar (BI) depression. The …

Background Bipolar depression (BD) is a unique, severe and prevalent mental illness that
shares many similarities in symptoms with unipolar depression (UD). Improving precision of …