The introduction of new drugs, and a re-evaluation of older drugs, have radically changed
the pharmacological management of heart failure. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) …

In the last 30 years, the concept of chronic heart failure (CHF) has changed. Before the
1970s, the fundamental pathophysiology of CHF was thought to be volumeoverload, and …

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a major public health problem that results in tremendous
economic burden. Diastolic heart failure (DHF) forms an important subset with increasing …

BACKGROUND: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors improve outcomes in systolic
heart failure (SHF). However, doubts linger about their effect in SHF patients with chronic …

The roles of the renin-angiotensin system and the sympathetic nervous system in the
pathogenesis and progression of heart failure are well established. Angiotensin-converting …

The Studies Of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) trial is a landmark study in the
management of heart failure. The treatment limb of this trial (1) demonstrated unequivocally …

Treatment of heart failure has undergone major changes in the last two decades. European
and US guidelines have absorbed these major changes and set the new standards. It is …

During the past 25 years, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the
pathophysiological mechanisms for the development and progression of the heart failure …

The publication of V-HeFT I (Vasodilator-Heart Failure Trial I) in 1985 demonstrated for the
first time that the natural history of heart failure (HF) could be beneficially altered by …