Inverse dynamic musculoskeletal human body models are commonly used to predict the
spinal loads and trunk muscle forces. These models include rigid body segments …

Improved knowledge on spinal loads and trunk muscle forces may clarify the mechanical
causes of various spinal diseases and has the potential to improve the current treatment …

The follower load (FL) combined with moments is commonly used to approximate
flexed/extended posture of the lumbar spine in absence of muscles in biomechanical …

Musculoskeletal simulations of lumbar spine loading rely on a geometrical representation of
the anatomy. However, this data has an inherent inaccuracy. This study evaluates the …

The normal physiological loads from muscles experienced by the spine are largely unknown
due to a lack of data. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of varying muscle …

Objective This study aimed to investigate stress distribution and disk displacement in healthy
and degenerated intervertebral disks during simulated lumbar rotation manipulation (LRM) …

Lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration can induce bone hyperplasia, lumbar intervertebral
disc herniation and other diseases, is one of the causes of low back pain, which seriously …

Understanding load-sharing in the spine during in-vivo conditions is critical for better spinal
implant design and testing. Previous studies of load-sharing that considered actual spinal …

Study Design. Intradiscal pressure and intersegmental rotation of human lumbar spines
were measured in vitro. Objectives. To determine the effect of a follower load on mechanical …

Background and objective The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of
incorporating various passive elements, which could represent combined or individual …