Background. In response to rising prescription drug costs, plan sponsors are increasingly
implementing three-tiered pharmacy benefits. Objective. This study examined the effect of a …

Increasing utilization of available drugs, coupled with the sustained development and
marketing of innovative products, is largely responsible for double-digit inflation in this …

This article reviews prescription drug cost trends, touching on issues such as cost versus
value, demographic changes, direct-to-consumer advertising, effects of the Internet and …

Corporate employers contract with pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) with the goals of
lowering their employee prescription drug coverage costs while maintaining health care …

Several proposals for adding a prescription drug benefit to the Medicare program rely on
consumer choice and market forces to promote efficiency. However, little information exists …

The purpose of this project was to estimate the increase in revenues that the average
community pharmacy could expect from generic and therapeutic interchange bonuses …

Pharmaceutical price increases and greater coverage of outpatient prescription medications
have stimulated interest in containing drug benefit-program costs. While mail pharmacy …

Since 1980, many Medicaid programs have instituted, adjusted, or abolished
pharmaceutical copayments or limitations on the number of prescriptions per patient (caps) …

The rising cost of healthcare has strained the resources of governments, private third parties
and individuals with responsibility to pay for it. Various strategies have been used in an …

Background: Three-tier pharmaceutical benefit systems use graded co-payments to steer
patients toward “preferred” formulary medications. Objectives: To evaluate physicians' …