Purpose: In critically ill patients, changes in the pharmacokinetics (PK) of β-lactams can lead
to significant variations in serum concentrations, with possibly detrimental effects on …

Objectives Critically ill patients in intensive care unit (ICU) are susceptible to infectious
diseases, thus empirical therapy is recommended. However, the therapeutic effect in ICU …

The pharmacokinetics (PK) of antimicrobial agents administered to critically ill patients
exhibit marked variability. This variability results from pathophysiological changes that occur …

Background Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of β-lactams in critically ill patients has
been correlated with better clinical outcomes. Evidence on TDM of newer β-lactams such as …

Background: With increasing knowledge of beta-lactam pharmacodynamics and interpatient
and intrapatient variability in pharmacokinetics, the usefulness of therapeutic drug …

Background: Recent studies indicate that a high proportion of patients in the intensive care
unit fail to attain adequate antibiotic levels. Thus, there is a need to monitor the antibiotic …

Pharmacokinetic changes are often seen in patients with severe infections. Administration
by continuous infusion has been suggested to optimize antibiotic exposure and …

Purpose To determine percentage of patients with sub-therapeutic beta-lactam exposure in
our intensive care units (ICU) and to correlate target attainment with clinical outcomes …

Purpose We aimed to identify factors associated with achieving target BL plasma
concentrations and describe real world data for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Methods …

Background Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) contributes to optimizing exposure to β-
lactam antibiotics. However, how excessive exposure to β-lactams can increase the burden …