Roles of reactive oxygen species in UVA‐induced oxidation of 5, 6‐dihydroxyindole‐2‐carboxylic acid‐melanin as studied by differential spectrophotometric method

S Ito, M Kikuta, S Koike, G Szewczyk… - Pigment cell & …, 2016 - Wiley Online Library
Eumelanin photoprotects pigmented tissues from ultraviolet (UV) damage. However, UVA‐
induced tanning seems to result from the photooxidation of preexisting melanin and does …

UVA‐induced oxidative degradation of melanins: fission of indole moiety in eumelanin and conversion to benzothiazole moiety in pheomelanin

K Wakamatsu, Y Nakanishi, N Miyazaki… - Pigment cell & …, 2012 - Wiley Online Library
Eumelanin is photoprotective while pheomelanin is phototoxic to pigmented tissues.
Ultraviolet A (UVA)‐induced tanning seems to result from the photooxidation of pre‐existing …

The soluble eumelanin precursor 5, 6‐dihydroxyindole‐2‐carboxylic acid enhances oxidative damage in human keratinocyte DNA after UVA irradiation

C Kipp, AR Young - Photochemistry and photobiology, 1999 - Wiley Online Library
Soluble melanin precursors are present in serum and may act as skin chromophores
contributing to UVR‐in‐duced oxidative damage. Our study aimed to determine whether the …

Unexpected impact of esterification on the antioxidant activity and (photo) stability of a eumelanin from 5, 6‐dihydroxyindole‐2‐carboxylic acid

R Micillo, M Iacomino, M Perfetti… - Pigment Cell & …, 2018 - Wiley Online Library
To inquire into the role of the carboxyl group as determinant of the properties of 5, 6‐
dihydroxyindole melanins, melanins from aerial oxidation of 5, 6‐dihydroxyindole‐2 …

Photodegradation of eumelanin and pheomelanin and its pathophysiological implications

S Ito, K Wakamatsu, T Sarna - Photochemistry and …, 2018 - Wiley Online Library
Eumelanin is photoprotective for pigmented tissues while pheomelanin is phototoxic. In this
review, we summarize current understanding of how eumelanin and pheomelanin structures …

Visible light accelerates the ultraviolet A‐induced degradation of eumelanin and pheomelanin

S Ito, L Kolbe, G Weets… - Pigment Cell & Melanoma …, 2019 - Wiley Online Library
Exposure to excess ultraviolet (UV) A radiation induces the degradation/modification of both
eumelanin and pheomelanin that may be deleterious to pigmented tissues. Although the …

Dual role of melanins and melanin precursors as photoprotective and phototoxic agents: inhibition of ultraviolet radiation‐induced lipid peroxidation

S Schmitz, PD Thomas, TM Allen… - Photochemistry and …, 1995 - Wiley Online Library
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is one of the risk factors for skin cancer and the main inducer of
melanin pigmentation, the major protective mechanism of mammalian skin against radiation …

Nitric oxide-induced oxidation of 5, 6-dihydroxyindole and 5, 6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid under aerobic conditions: non-enzymatic route to melanin pigments …

L Novellino, M d'Ischia, G Prota - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) …, 1998 - Elsevier
Diffusible melanin-related metabolites have recently been suggested to subserve a variety
of functions that are critical for protection of skin against inflammatory stimuli and oxidative …

[HTML][HTML] Synthetic melanin is a model for soluble natural eumelanin in UVA-photosensitised superoxide production

RM Haywood, M Lee, C Linge - Journal of Photochemistry and …, 2006 - Elsevier
Studies to UV-irradiate natural eumelanins in vitro have used insoluble pigment obtained by
acid hydrolysis, which lacks melanoprotein. Eumelanin synthesised in the presence of a …

Aerobic photoreactivity of synthetic eumelanins and pheomelanins: generation of singlet oxygen and superoxide anion

G Szewczyk, A Zadlo, M Sarna, S Ito… - Pigment cell & …, 2016 - Wiley Online Library
In this work, we examined photoreactivity of synthetic eumelanins, formed by autooxidation
of DOPA, or enzymatic oxidation of 5, 6‐dihydroxyindole‐2‐carboxylic acid and synthetic …