Pinus armandii Franch. is an ecologically and economically important evergreen tree
species native to western China. Dendroctonus armandi Tsai and Li and pathogenic …

This review will focus on the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying defense
responses of roots to fungal pathogens. Soil-borne pathogens, including Phytophthora …

In nature, plants interact with a wide range of microbial pathogens and herbivorous insects.
During the evolutionary arms race between plants and their attackers, primary and …

In nature, most plants are resistant to a wide range of phytopathogens. However,
mechanisms contributing to this so-called nonhost resistance (NHR) are poorly understood …

The relative resistance of a plant to pathogens is determined by preformed, constitutive
defenses, and the quality and diversity of the induced defenses deployed upon attack …

Plants constantly suffer from simultaneous infection by multiple pathogens, which can be
divided into biotrophic, hemibiotrophic, and necrotrophic pathogens, according to their …

Plants play a key role in the sustainability of life on earth. They fix the solar energy that
drives nearly all living processes. As a result, plants are members of complex communities …

Plants have developed various defense mechanisms against different pathogens. After
detecting pathogens, plants trigger signaling mechanisms for coordinated cellular response …

This paper discusses the mechanisms by which fungi manipulate plant physiology and
suppress plant defense responses by producing effectors that can target various host …

Melampsora larici-populina causes serious poplar foliar diseases called rust worldwide. The
ethylene response factor (ERF) family, which is one of the largest groups of transcription …