This article is part of a Special Issue “Parental Care”. Becoming a parent is arguably the
most profound transforming experience in life. It is also inherently very emotionally and …

Although interest in the neurobiology of parent–infant bonding is a century old,
neuroimaging of the human parental brain is recent. After summarizing current comparative …

The optimal coordination between the new mammalian mother and her young involves a
sequence of behaviors on the part of each that ensures that the young will be adequately …

Parenting recruits a distributed network of brain structures (and neuromodulators) that
coordinates caregiving responses attuned to the young's affect, needs, and developmental …

With the growing involvement of fathers in childrearing and the application of neuroscientific
tools to research on parenting, there is a need to understand how a father's brain and …

Parenting behavior critically shapes human infants' current and future behavior. The parent–
infant relationship provides infants with their first social experiences, forming templates of …

Parental caregiving includes a set of highly conserved set of behaviors and mental states
that may reflect both an individual's genetic endowment and the early experience of being …

The bond between a parent and an infant often appears to form effortlessly and intuitively,
and this relationship is fundamental to infant survival and development. Parenting is …

Interacting parenting thoughts and behaviors, supported by key brain circuits, critically
shape human infants' current and future behavior. Indeed, the parent–infant relationship …

As parents in modern western societies face increasing pressures that strain their ability to
provide quality childcare, it is important to consider the neural and hormonal bases of …