Throughout much of human physiology, the presence of self-excitable cells is integral to the
function of the system. Likely, the most well known of these cells is the natural pacemaker of …

Artificial electronic pacemakers have been successfully driving the hearts and reliably
saving the lives of millions by providing cardiac pacing for a variety of cardiac …

In modern day cardiology practice the insertion of electrical pacemaker devices is routine,
with an estimated 434 devices being inserted per million people in the United States each …

Prospects for Biological Cardiac Pacemaker Systems Page 1 GUEST EDITORIAL Prospects for
Biological Cardiac Pacemaker Systems ARJANG RUHPARWAR and AXEL HAVERICH From …

Since the first pacemaker was implanted, nearly 60 years have passed. Since then,
pacemaker technology has made major advancements that have increased both its safety …

Since the first pacemaker was implanted, nearly 60 years have passed. Since then,
pacemaker technology has made major advancements that have increased both its safety …

Biological pacemaking can be achieved by modulating ionic currents by gene transfer or by
delivering engineered pacemaker cells into normally quiescent myocardium. The present …

Over the past decade, rapid progress in the molecular studies of cardiac ion channels and
stem cells biology has led to efforts to create a biological pacemaker to supplement the …

Since 1967, work has been underway at The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics
Laboratory and School of Medicine, and also at Pacesetter Systems, Inc., Sylmar, California …

Since the advent of electricity, it was postulated that control of the heartbeat could potentially
save countless lives. But artificially pacing the heart remained a dream for most of human …