Many visual animals exploit spectral information for seeking food and mates, for identifying
preys and predators, and for navigation. Animals use chromatic information in two …

Color vision is an important sensory capability that enhances the detection of contrast in
retinal images. Monochromatic animals exclusively detect temporal and spatial changes in …

Color vision is widespread among insects but varies among species, depending on the
spectral sensitivities and interplay of the participating photoreceptors. The spectral sensitivity …

In the perception of color, wavelengths of light reflected off objects are transformed into the
derived quantities of brightness, saturation and hue. Neurons responding selectively to hue …

Highlights•Color vision: more than just Opsins.•Spectral tuning differs between sexes and
species, and even within the same eye.•The distribution of different photoreceptor types …

Background Color vision is commonly assumed to rely on photoreceptors tuned to narrow
spectral ranges. In the ommatidium of Drosophila, the four types of so-called inner …

▪ Abstract We review the physiological, molecular, and neural mechanisms of insect color
vision. Phylogenetic and molecular analyses reveal that the basic bauplan, UV-blue-green …

Highlights•Vertebrate colour vision started with 4 cone opsins and involved reductions.•
Pancrustacean colour vision went through multiple losses and duplications.•Colour …

Spectral information is commonly processed in the brain through generation of antagonistic
responses to different wavelengths. In many species, these color opponent signals arise as …

Colour vision enables animals to detect and discriminate differences in chromatic cues
independent of brightness. How the bee visual system manages this task is of interest for …