Objective To determine the relationship between cigarette smoking and primary female
infertility. Design Retrospective, case-control study. Setting Population-based and randomly …

Smoking histories were compared in 901 women with infertility of different types and 1264
women admitted for delivery at seven collaborating hospitals. The relative risk for infertility …

There have been many attempts during the last years to restrict smoking because of the
significant health hazards. In particular the high prevalence of smoking among women in …

PIP: This article reviews currently available epidemiologic and experimental data on the
effects of cigarette smoking on reproductive health. Specifically addressed are the evidence …

The relationship between male cigarette smoking and fertility was studied for 330 couples
attending an infertility clinic. 59% did not smoke, 10% smoked between 1 and 5 per day, 8 …

The high prevalence of smoking among women in their reproductive years continues to be a
matter of concern. The negative effects of smoking on general health are well known, but …

PIP: Despite problems of methodology, epidemiologic studies of women who smoke have
clearly indicated that they suffer a lowering of fertility. Harmful effects are particularly noted in …

A prospective study of fertility was conducted from 1977 to 1982. Analysis of the relation
between cigarette smoking and occurrence of a pregnancy was performed on 1887 couples …

Numerous studies have identified specific areas in which the effects of maternal smoking
during pregnancy may occur including fetal growth retardation, neonatal deaths, pregnancy …

PIP: There is consensus that smoking during pregnancy has deleterious effects upon both
mother and baby. Smokers who use oral contraceptives run a greater risk of arteriosclerotic …