… We systematically searched electronic databases and identified articles regarding epistaxis,
sphenopalatine artery ligation, or cauterization. Pooled rebleeding and complication rates …

… Endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation (ESPAL) is known as an effective treatment for
posterior epistaxis. Anatomical variations of the intranasal branching may result in long …

… Endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation represents an effective and safe treatment of
choice in refractory epistaxis, as evidenced by a 92.3% success rate from our series. Notably, …

… Additionally, the absence of prospective randomized controlled trials directly comparing
sphenopalatine artery ligation and cauterization limits the ability to draw robust conclusions …

… Managing persistent epistaxis poses a great challenge for … sphenopalatine artery ligation
(ESPAL). This study aims to evaluate the impact of ESPAL integration on persistent epistaxis …

… In children, embolization for intractable epistaxis has demonstrated the highest hospital
costs compared to other treatments, including SPA ligation, and typically requires general …

… The protocols for managing intractable idiopathic epistaxis have evolved … sphenopalatine
artery ligation (TESPAL) has been the treatment of choice for idiopathic intractable epistaxis. If …

… sphenopalatine artery ligation. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in patients
with refractory posterior epistaxis … undergone Endoscopic Sphenopalatine artery ligation were …

… Sphenopalatine Artery Ligation in a patient with refractory posterior epistaxis was high. …
From our study, we would like to recommend that endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation or …

… Sphenopalatine artery ligation is a safe and effective technique for controlling persistent
posterior epistaxis. An understanding of the anatomic relationships is important when …