… Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, has been prevalent among humans for at …
in history, including the Black Death. Analyses of the genetic diversity of ancient strains of …

The first historically documented pandemic caused by Yersinia pestis began as the Justinianic
Plague in 541 within the Roman Empire and continued as the so-called First Pandemic …

… In this regard, the 1346-1353 Yersinia pestis-caused Black Death pandemic, with continued
plague outbreaks spanning several hundred years, is one of the most devastating recorded …

… span between the end of the Black Death and the emergence of the pestis secunda to a three-…
, similar to other post-Black Death outbreaks, as having originated from a local source of Y. …

… The darker orange delimits the region in which we believe secondary plague reservoirs
were established before the Black Death. The red dots represent the locations of all known …

… genetic diversity during the Black Death, and low within-outbreak diversity thereafter. Analysis
of post-Black Death genomes shows the diversification of a Y. pestis lineage into multiple …

… now understood as the main agent involved in the Black Death (conventionally dated
1346-1353 CE), considered the most severe epidemic catastrophe in human history, and …

… successful sequencing of the first whole aDNA genome from the Black Death victims in
London (1349) in 2011, there have been more than 110 publicly available ancient genomes of Y. …

… synthesis of archaeological, historical and ancient genomic data shows a clear involvement
of the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis in this epidemic event. Two reconstructed ancient Y. …

… historical context of the presented genomes with the Justinianic Plague and show that
the lower coverage genome might be rather related to the Black Death (1346–1353 AD). …