Introduction; Cancer is recognized as a one of the major health hazards worldwide and also accounts for one in eight deaths globally. Chemotherapy, which is considered a principal treatment in cancer, is plagued by significant limitations because of its imminent drug resistance.Materials and methods; Our focus should be in providing effective and long lasting treatment procedures without compromising longevity and quality of life of cancer patients. Resistance to chemotherapeutics and designing an effective means of drug delivery system, to overcome cancer treatment failure, remain a challenging task for researchers and scientists. Results; nanoparticles (NPs) are broadly being applied to improve the therapeutic index, because of their higher bioavailability, solubility and retention time. Apart from that, several studies have used poly butyl cyanoacrylate (PBCA) as one of the most common carriers in drug delivery purpose for the treatment of cancer .PBCA and its co-polymers are important in designing NPs with desired characteristics such as biocompatibility, biodegradation, smaller particle size, unique surface properties, facile drug release and target specificity. In this article, Conclusion; we aim to review and summarize the literature behind the use of PBCA nanoparticles as an effective drug carrier in the treatment of different cancers.