… smoking can be a large burden on CL±P, especially in Japan. … in secondhand smoke
among Japanese non-smokers: a … consortium of population-based studies. Int J Epidemiol…

… and small cumulative dose of ≤20 pack-years (PY) were observed only among females,
regardless of environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Trend analysis indicated significant 6% …

… were 166 611 women from nine prospective cohort studies in Japan which launched in
1984–1994 and followed for 8–22 years. Information on smoking and secondhand smoke was …

… prospective cohort study of 24,232 never-smoking women aged … Japan Public Health
Center–based prospective study (JPHC Study) started in 1990 with its first population-based cohort …

… The finding of a lower comorbidity burden in never-smokers was expected and confirmed …
to environmental tobacco smoke, and occupational exposures, which are difficult to quantify. …

… In developed and developing countries, NCDs impose a heavy burden on health … and
passive smokers are those who inhale cigarette smoke indirectly; for example, as a second-hand …

… comprehensive image of the disease burden, which will in … the MINDRAY brand tool (made
in Japan) and Pars test kit. … only showed drug use and cigarette smoking to be significant. …

… healthcare costs and needs adequately. We conducted a multistate life table analysis by using
data from a population cohort of … The relation of cigarette smoking to incident Alzheimer’s …

… Among smokers, women have increased susceptibility with … In addition, women have higher
reported disease burden, … of household income, race, body mass index, cigarette smoking, …

… case-control studies of never smokers and no cohort studies. … Environmental tobacco smoke
is a common source of indoor … across the included population-based studies, indicating that …