… of venous outflow is the key to relieve the refractory neurological … Multiple sclerosis (MS)
was considered a relative of CCSVI, … Two senior neuro-radiologists who were blinded to the …

… Our team describes the phlebectasia of bilateral IJV and the role in CCSVI due to a low or
absent and anomalous flow (Fig. 1), not secondary to a right heart complication or pulmonary …

… highlight the importance of understanding and engaging key stakeholders, what is implicit
but … practical application, helps us rethink key concepts, and illuminates blind spots in theory? …

… To date, it is clear that CCSVI is the final emerging … The 3D Slicer ® [32] was used by a blind
operator to create 3D … Our results suggest that a vertical styloid process is a key feature of …

… literature as outlined in our key question. Studies were grouped … CCSVI treatment, and that
experts cautioned against the “liberation therapy,” more than $20 million was spent in CCSVI …

… theory of CCSVI which proposes stenotic lesions as the basis of the etiopathogenesis of
multiple sclerosis. As per CCSVI … Similar findings refuting the CCSVI hypothesis and showing no …

… of coronary vein hypertension, CVI and CCSVI experimental models were referenced for …
Mart University by an expert histologist who was blinded to the groups from which tissues were …

… proved ineffective in two double-blind sham-controlled RCTs, … We specifically focused on
three key graph metrics of … of at least two ultrasound criteria for CCSVI. See 18 for a detailed …

… The prevalence of CCSVI significantly varied among reports … Shortly after the introduction
of CCSVI, the use of … In this interventional non-randomized, not-blinded study, the procedure …

… -called chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) theory is a controversial entity and
… However, we do believe that the “vein” may be the key to better understanding both DVAs …