… Endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation (ESPAL) is known as an effective treatment for
posterior epistaxis. … A modification of ESPAL by cauterization at the sphenopalatine foramen (…

… In contrast, posterior epistaxis is often refractory and recurs … is not effective for severe posterior
epistaxis. Thus, more invasive … of surgeons perform endoscopic sphenopalatine surgery, …

… for Endoscopic Sphenopalatine Artery Ligation in a patient with refractory posterior epistaxis
… From our study, we would like to recommend that endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation …

… refractory posterior epistaxis between January 2017 to December 2019. All patient who had
undergone Endoscopic Sphenopalatine artery ligation … help of a rigid endoscope. Bipolar …

… There is little information on the management of posterior epistaxis in India, … endoscopic
cauterization of the sphenopalatine artery in controlling intractable posterior nasal bleeding…

… Endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation represents an effective and safe treatment of
choice in refractory epistaxis, as evidenced by a 92.3% success rate from our series. Notably, …

… To expose the sphenopalatine artery endoscopically, a … inferior to the posterior middle
turbinate, 1 cm anterior to its posterior tip. … first line therapy for severe/refractory posterior epistaxis. …

… and efficacy of sphenopalatine artery (SPA) surgery in patients with refractory epistaxis and
to … , whereas posterior epistaxis is often refractory to conservative treatment (ie, anterior or …

… to endoscopic endonasal sphenopalatine artery ligation and … : Sphenopalatine artery ligation
is a safe and effective procedure in the management of intractable posterior epistaxis. The …

… methods is endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation (ESPAL). This study aims to evaluate
the impact of ESPAL integration on persistent epistaxis … of intractable spontaneous epistaxis …