… occurs in the gonads, other peripheral tissues, including colon, express the … estrogen,
17β-estradiol (E2) (11–13). Colonic mucosa could also respond to sex hormones, since estrogen (…

… The link between colorectal cancer (CRC) and inflammation is now well established, and
patients with inflammatory bowel disease have a two- to five-fold increased risk of developing …

… the status of estrogen and progesterone receptors was observed … in the pathogenesis of
inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) (… tumor fragments with colorectal adenocarcinoma, reaching …

… bowel diseases (IBDs) such as Crohn’s disease (CD) and … of estrogen receptors (ERs),
changes in intestinal microenvironment and mucosal barrier functions appear to result in different …

… effects of estrogen by directly regulating estrogen receptor-beta (… risk of CRC, particularly
distal colon adenocarcinoma [58]. In an … in cases of inflammatory bowel disease. However, the …

… They concluded that untreated primary and metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma retains …
predominant estrogen receptor expressed in both normal and malignant colorectal mucosa […

… with different phenotypes distinguished by their specific … , leading to adenomas and
invasive adenocarcinomas [5]. … is a predominant estrogen receptor subtype in the colon [73,132…

… , the role of estrogen in colorectal cancer remains … estrogen receptor in normal colonic
epithelium, and the decline in ER β expression paralleled the dedifferentiation of malignant colon …

… PTCH1, and hh-associated transmembrane receptor Smoh in hyperplastic polyps, adenomas,
and adenocarcinomas of the colon [93]. Exogenous SHH can promote the growth of colon …

… Patients with inflammatory bowel disease are at an increased risk of developing colorectal
cancer, and so are enrolled in a surveillance colonoscopy programme aimed at detecting and …