… in the switchback curves common in mountainous terrain. We … oriental beech (Fagus
orientalisLipsky) with an average … to wider curves following skidder traffic, particular attention …

… , as well as growth variables of beech seedlings on the skid … soil compaction caused by the
forestry machinery traffic … ) by ground-based skidding, in fact the wheeled winch skidder is the …

… and machine traffic showed clear soil disturbance, resulting … in the ground-based extraction
via skidder in comparison to … carried out in Iran on oriental beech stands reported an average …

… divergence in soil properties and enzyme activity after ground-based machine traffic. … of
one unloaded and one loaded pass with the skidder). In each catena position, three plots were …

… increased with greater traffic intensity for all skidder types and … ground-based skidders may
also cause serious damage to forest … operations in a mountain forest in Iran. (a) rubber-tired …

… Five years after a ground-based skidding operation in the … surface soil were found to be
destroyed after machine traffic on … on the skid trails (between two skidder tires on each skid trail) …

… ground-based skidding on physical and chemical properties … Chainsaws and cable skidders
are two of the main logging … sites are also located in steep mountainous terrain on marls (35…

… Mediterranean beech forests and to the harsh mountainous … indeed a weight similar to
skidders and forwarders, but with … trails are closed to off-road traffic after harvesting, thus we can …

… operations in mountain forests in Iran. (a) rubber-tired … related to the traffic intensity and
to changes in skid trail slope as … In this study, a TAF E655 skidder with its narrower tires and …

… In the north mountainous forest of Iran, soil compaction caused by logging operation is a …
, especially when ground-based skidding is applied [1]. Rubber-tired skidders and crawler …