… of TME in pancreatic cancer that may contribute to … perspectives of combination therapies
that (1) promote T cell priming through tumor associated antigen presentation; (2) inhibit tumor …

… 10% in the USA, and it is becoming an increasingly common cause of cancer mortality. Risk
factors for developing pancreatic cancer include family history, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and …

… study of pancreatic cancer extends beyond the scope of this Review and also encompasses
circulating tumour markers and circulating cells 7,8 as well as other pancreatic cancer types …

… contributes greatly to the challenges of treating pancreatic cancer; it has been … growth factors
and cytokines such as CCL2, PDGF, hepatocyte growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor (…

… growth factors (VEGF) can attract TAMs to the TME, and TAMs support the proliferation of
pancreatic cancer cells by secreting a series of growth … of pancreatic cancer is a tuff challenge, …

… growth factor receptor (HER/EGFR/ERBB) family proteins, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA),
mesothelin, vascular endothelial growth factor … to a number of technical challenges, such as …

… clinical trials to derail components of inflammation for clinical benefit. In addition, we address
challenges with manipulating cancer … , colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) is a growth factor …

… growth factors and cytokines, including hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), insulin-like growth
factor … lineage tracking, challenge the concept that pancreatic CAFs are predominantly …

… Furthermore, we provide an outlook on the challenges and prospects of therapeutic … , and
hepatocyte growth factors, are involved in resistance to therapy by sustaining cancer stemness, …

… In this review, we will present the different roles of stromal cells in pancreatic cancer, …
growth factor 5 (FGF5), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), and hepatocyte growth factor …