… PAGES (Past Global Changes) CRIAS working group – a collective of climate historians and
historical climatologists … This study, written by regional experts in historical climatology with …

In this study, we evaluate output of near-surface atmospheric variables over the Antarctic Ice
Sheet from four reanalyses: the new European Centre for Medium-Range Weather …

… However, historical source criticism is essential when using this information for historical
climatology.91 Chronicles from the Late Middle Ages onward (1250–1500 CE) also contain …

… 10-12), and RCMs can be run for both past and future climates. They can be applied to …
responses do not affect the climatology but rather influence the daily synoptic conditions. …

… The academic subfield of climate history (or historical climatology) explores these past
interactions. This field started to develop, in its more modern form, from the 1960s onwards, when …

… Furthermore, recent advances in palaeoclimatology and historical climatology, in tandem
with an increasing availability of historical datasets in digital format, now allow the investigation …

… into the history of climate science has been stimulated in part by the field of historical climatology,
which uses historical … In order to interpret such sources, historical climatologists need to …

… Evidence from archives of societies is evaluated and interpreted by historical
climatologists. The majority of them share a scientific background in physical geography with …

Near-surface wind is difficult to estimate using global numerical weather and climate models,
because airflow is strongly modified by underlying topography, especially that of a country …

… for historical climatology [64,65]. Information about tornadoes has to be derived from a
range of documentary sources that contain indications and descriptions of events of interest (…