… , affects the microenvironment and the host immune system, and contributes to persistent
infection and pathogenesis. This review summarizes recent findings on the natures and …

… HTLV-1 establish a long-term stealthy viral pathogenesis through a fine-tuned balance of
persistence, immune cell dysfunction, and proliferation of proviral infected cells that collectively …

… , we describe persistent HTLV-1 infection and recent findings on the nature of HTLV-1 gene
… hence HBZ expression, on HTLV-1 persistence and pathogenesis is yet to be investigated. …

… infect humans but also that retroviruses can be pathogenic in … clonal persistence and expansion
of transformed T cells 112 . … effectiveness of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) …

Infection with human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1) has been associated
with various clinical syndromes including co-infection with Strongyloides stercoralis, which is …

… Murine models have significantly contributed to our understanding of HTLV-1 pathogenesis
… Hbz plays a key role in pathogenesis and persistence and, unlike Tax, it is detectible in all …

… Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a … that regulate replication and pathogenesis.
Tax (transcriptional … the functions of Tax, thus maintaining a persistent latent infection. …

… ), also known as human T lymphotropic virus type 1, is a … of infected T cells contributes
significantly to the persistence of … in the host and have no special pathogenetic significance (16). …

… apprehended yet, remains a key step to understand HTLV-1 infection and pathogenesis. …
amplification of transformed infected cells without the need of persistent viral production. …

… ) is the first pathogenic retrovirus discovered in humans [1,2]. Its current prevalence is … , and
HBZ are dispensable for viral replication in vitro but essential for viral persistence in vivo (see …