… smoking in asthma is a relevant risk factor to develop airflow reduction and fixed airflow
obstruction in conjunction with less allergy, increased T2 … Therefore, heavy smokers with asthma …

… and irreversible airflow obstruction (IRAO) in asthma. This … reversibility of airflow obstruction
in adult asthmatics to identify … of non-smoking asthmatics present with irreversible airway …

… a potential causal relationship between smoking and asthma had conflicting results and did
… Clinical and biological factors associated with irreversible airway obstruction in adult asthma…

… , complex interactions between smoking-induced and asthma-induced airway inflammation,
… history (>10 pack-years), and spirometry evidence of persistent airflow obstruction (COPD). …

… significant relationship between smoking and asthma control [3]. … tobacco smoking on
asthma control, exacerbation rate, and lung-function parameters among three groups of asthmatic …

… Th2 inflammatory response and small airway function (FEF25–75%… asthma endotypes
involved in the pathways linking smoking, Th2-type inflammation, and small airway obstruction. …

… and risk for fixed airflow obstruction in young adult life [7–9]. Asthma may also increase …
Models included sex, time and asthma/smoking group plus their interaction terms as adjusting …

… A strong exposure-response relationship with smoking was found both in males [IRR, 1-pack…
airflow obstruction (AO) by sex and lifetime smoking history, among adults without asthma. …

… influenced by exposure to tobacco smoke. Objective: To investigate the interplay between
airway and lung structural changes, airway inflammation, and smoking exposure in asthmatics …

… Adulthood asthma and smoking explain half of the effect of parental respiratory disease history
on symptomatic airflow obstruction. … –response relationship between the level of smoking …