… is that drug mortality rates did increase more in counties experiencing relative economic
decline than … Finally, two measures of the state-level legal environment related to drug use are …

… decline in relative earnings. Moreover, the effects of PNTR’s labor market shock on drug use
… have been more susceptible to drug use in the face of this increase in the supply of opioids. …

… Our results suggest that the impact of drug use on US mortality is substantially greater than
drug … in life expectancy among men and 18% of the decline in women in the US [34]. Other …

… opioid crisis, we focused especially on economic dislocation … We normalized mortality rates
using z-scores to remove scale … address not just drug addiction but chronic pain and despair. …

… drug use are impacting life expectancy, as they are the leading risk factors for mortality
among … Second, no methodology exists to date to model the impact of illicit drug use on many …

… the economic stressors of the Great Recession increased … -risk drinking behaviors as well
as illicit drug use have been increasing nationally and are associated with elevated death rates …

… The changing social profile of the US overdose crisis has been linked to shifts in the drug …
While fatal overdose represents a “worst possible” outcome of substance use, these overdose …

… The real crisis in America might not be any of what we perceive, but … This annual mortality
rate far exceeds that caused by the … unrefined and do not lead to drug addiction or alcoholism. …

… , along with alcohol and drug abuse, are the main risk factors for suicide (… financial downturn
in these countries too. However, the results for the USA did not support a crisis effect since …

… recession of the early 1980s suffer increases in mortality that … and liver disease, as well as
drug overdoses. At the same time… nexus between economic outcomes and health and longevity…