… However, the relationship may still reflect disease severity (“effect”) because the biomarker
is measuring lung damage itself either directly or indirectly, or it may be an epiphenomenon …

… to automate quantification of emphysema and air trapping … disease severity. We then
assessed the ability of our CT-based criteria to prognosticate disease progression and mortality…

… disease severity in COPD by examining whether SuStaIn stage correlated with spirometric
impairment as assessed by FEV 1 /FVC and FEV 1 % predicted. … a biomarker of early COPD in …

… counts were useful in predicting disease severity and clinical … increase correlated with
disease severity. Secondary bacterial … , asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were …

… and slowing down disease progression by addressing non-pulmonary aspects of the
condition.4–8 Spirometry is the most widely used marker of disease severity and progression. No …

… Moreover, studies showed a positive relationship between disease severity and high
MUC5AC levels [59]. The results of pulmonary function tests revealed an inverse relationship …

… of systemic biomarkers for … of multiple candidates for surrogate markers of disease activity
in a large, well-characterised cohort of COPD patients with varying degrees of disease severity …

… outlines the characteristics of useful biomarkers while highlighting some of the challenges
of biomarker research in a complex disease, such as COPD. … Surrogate for disease severity …

… The results suggested that the dysregulation of several phagocytosis-related … COPD
patients was correlated to the level of obstruction and disease severity, as well as emphysema in …

… biomarkers. This review focuses on protein biomarkers associated with clinically relevant
COPD outcomes. The prototypic COPD protein biomarker is alpha-1 antitrypsin; however, this …