… cerebrovascular effects by promoting oxidative stress, … changes in the neurovascular units
constituting the BBB contribute … VEGF-stimulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase and VEGF-…

… This review elucidates the role of the neurovascular unit in … hypoxia response element in
the VEGF gene promotor blocks … These patients also had increased IgG, fibrin, and thrombin in …

… play a role in regulating blood coagulation such as thrombin … As a result, oxidative stress has
been shown to play role in … (VEGF-A) expression following cisplatin treatment at the dose of …

… a new concept of the BBB as the neurovascular unit (NVU) in 2001. [ … [ 76 ] Prothrombin and
thrombin were also found to be … low dose of systemically injected recombinant human VEGF (…

… The neurovascular unit plays a relevant role in normal … VEGF may play a neuroprotective
role following seizures but … as thrombin and plasminogen, may also have a role during …

… annexin V-thrombin and anti-CRYAB-thrombin VTAs induced … high levels of VEGF-A with
overexpressed VEGF receptors 1 … is highly susceptible to oxidative stress that generates free …

… This review examines BBB and neurovascular unit changes … BBB leakage through oxidative
stress and inflammatory … and hemorrhage in AD, thrombin inhibitors and antiplatelet drugs …

… work together with the neurovascular units which involves glial … it further decreased oxidative
stress and increased VEGF and … , a neurotoxic protease was released known as thrombin; …

… Factor Xa converts prothrombin to thrombin, and the tissue … , all of which are part of the
neurovascular unit (NVU) [27] during the … VEGF is a crucial proangiogenic factor that stimulates …

… ) and impairment of the neurovascular unit (NVU) not only … of neurotoxic macromolecules
such as thrombin in the brain, … expression of the angiogenic factor VEGF, which is thought …