… patients with either asthma or COPD. Most patients … COPD. Patients with ACO also present
with more severe symptoms than do those with asthma or COPD, and may require long-acting …

… Dual bronchodilation with a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)/long-acting β 2 -… an
established treatment strategy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The relative …

… , we regrouped the three baseline long-acting bronchodilator groups into two categories,
any … included COPD patients with a history of asthma and with multiple COPD exacerbations, …

… COPD, we excluded all patients less than 50 years of age on the date of their initial prescription
for these long-acting bronchodilators… history of asthma and multiple COPD exacerbations…

… The current first-line maintenance treatment for COPD involves the use of bronchodilators,
including long-acting muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists (LAMAs) and long-acting …

… Aerosphere® is a novel delivery technology in which drug crystals adhere to phospholipids
to form … Furthermore, some patients with COPD show clinical overlap with asthma, which may …

… Main exclusion criteria were: diagnosis of asthma; COPD exacerbation in the four weeks
prior to entry; or use of traditional Chinese medicines for respiratory diseases. Patients provided …

… pre-bronchodilator FEV 1 % predicted) were taken from the most recent values before the
index date. Variables recorded at baseline included asthma diagnosis, COPD Assessment …

… The participants were asked to refrain from using short-acting β 2 -agonists for ≥6 h, long-acting
β 2 -agonists for 12 h and long-acting antimuscarinic agents for 24 h before performing …

… Compared with those without COPD, patients with COPD are known to have a more than …
long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) and long-acting beta agonist (LABA) use for COPD …