… Future directions: This review proposes that the advancement … The exploration of Old World
monkeys such as the rhesus … brain samples, Zhang and colleagues showed that the immune/…

… Similar brain developmental events last for days in rats and … and drug efficiency of Alzheimer’s
disease (AD) [261,262]. … As for future directions, there is still a need to develop a non-…

… Evidence shows that AD neuropathology occurs decades before … , as well as prospects for
the evolution of future studies. … Increasing study of MCI has been conducted in the last decade. …

… in the past several decades, despite successful studies in … the role of APOE in preclinical
mouse models. Specifically, we detail … mouse models (“What”) and describe the critical need for …

… past decades, numbers of promising drug candidates showed significant anti-AD effects in
preclinical studies … The limitations of these sAD animal models and future trends in the field …

… at onset and are different in demented younger and old aging … by in vitro and in vivo animal
model data and that this is not … shows that clinical trial design and outcome measures have …

… Wild-type mice do not develop senile plaques or neurofibrillary tangles even in old age,
and hence cannot be used as model animals for AD. Based on the genetic findings that almost …

… the FUS R521C mutation and showed severe motor deficit, … model while C57BL/6J was
that of the former. In conclusion, the C9orf72 mouse models are useful as preclinical models for …

… the R47H mutation in TREM2 showed a similar increase in … of animal models that is centred
on the use of animal models … former is beyond the control of researchers, scientists have …

… limited for obvious reasons in human studies, precluding the … Thus, mouse models harboring
causal AD mutations are … That said, there are caveats to traditional AD mouse models, …