… ganglia – suggesting the PPN may influence or be influenced by higher order action selection…
no stimulation (Lim et al., 2009). Importantly, this study found that the increased REM sleep …

… of REM sleep time and REM percentage when PPN-DBS was ON compared to when the
stimulation … Non-motor functions in parkinsonian patients implanted in the pedunculopontine …

… in movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). … rates during wakefulness and
REM sleep and the role of the … spinal cord where it might influence direct motor output. Thus, …

… stimulation (12 h of daytime stimulation) influences … REM sleep in the parkinsonian state;
these REM episodes were abolished with PPN-LFS (Table 1a). Although the overall REM sleep …

… Unfortunately, how PPN neuronal populations and their respective projections influence PD
… likely contributes to REM sleep atonia in PD patients. Congruent with PPN involvement in …

… innervate midline thalamic nuclei, mediate REM sleep, and … -sleep stages in patients
affected by the Parkinson disease and … , thus establishing a route to influence spinal cord motor …

… However, the percent of REM atonia relative to REM sleep was not evaluated in this … to
influence the interaction between wakefulness and sleep, with likely more impact on REM sleep …

… PPN-DBS has also been described to improve REM sleep and cognition [14‒16]. …
Among PSP patients, another factor that may influence the degree of response to PPN …

… Parkinson's disease or other parkinsonism disorders with RBD, the degeneration of pontine
cholinergic nucleus … modulatory influences of several suprasegmental structures. The major …

… to novel therapies such as PPN deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson’s disease (PD), …
underlying gamma activity during waking versus REM sleep, and revealed the presence of …