… % of neonates and 100% of extremely preterm neonates or extremely … both routes of
administration (IV and oral), while BNF for … in neonates, or from pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic …

… fentanyl, ketamine, midazolam and potassium chloride had … For neonates and even more
profound in preterm infants the … in altered pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (41). …

… and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, … midazolam differ mainly in their
durations of action and available routes of administration. In addition to the common intravenous…

… ±9.3) for midazolam. Similar doses were used in term and preterm neonates. Of 118 patients
… It is known, however, that the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of neonates clearly …

… Continuous intravenous infusions were not used in this study… The search terms clonidine
AND pharmacodynamics were … trial evaluating clonidine versus midazolam.12 Recently, a …

… nervous system protected the newborn, especially the preterm infant, from experiencing pain.
In … and metabolism of intravenous midazolam in preterm infants. Clinical Pharmacology & …

… drain into the internal jugular vein, thus bypassing the liver and avoiding hepatic first-pass
metabolism. The highly lipophilic nature of drugs such as fentanyl, midazolam, ketamine, and …

… cohort of neonates and intended to better represent the characteristics of preterm neonates.
… dose or transitioning to an oral agent with a longer half-life (eg, midazolam to lorazepam). …

… than 14 days, clonidine may facilitate weaning or transition from intravenous to oral therapy.
… Furthermore, there is a lack of pharmacokinetic data on DEX in preterm infants; therefore, …

… The neonate PBPK model was implemented for the intravenously administered … of preterm
neonates and 12% of term neonates could not be adequately described by the neonate PBPK …