… Background: This document provides clinical recommendations for the pharmacologic
treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It represents a collaborative effort on …

… utilization, mortality) and are a central component in pharmacological management decisions.
Targeted therapies directed towards specific pathways of inflammation are being explored …

… Initial medical treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is guided by …
Diagnosis and management of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a clinical practice …

… The Spanish chronic obstructive pulmonary disease guidelines (GesEPOC) 2021 are the …
in the care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the Spanish …

… Timeline of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) drug approvals. The timeline
depicts the COPD drugs by class and year of first approval in either the US and/or the European …

… for pharmacologic management of COPD, and the strategies employed to improve patient
care and reduce hospitalizations and readmissions. COPD exacerbations significantly impact …

… of medication is central when choosing the treatment for patients with chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease … specialists consider the selection of the drug more important than that of the …

… nonpharmacological and pharmacological management of COPD in last decade. However,
phenotypical approach is small step to precision medicine in COPD management in the …

… There are no specific effective pharmacological treatments for emphysema, except for
those targeting α1 antitrypsin deficiency [187]. Modes of therapy administration include self-…

… The goal of pharmacologic treatment in stable COPD is to prevent acute exacerbations of
COPD (AECOPD), to reduce symptoms, and to minimize the rate of lung function decline. …