… We focus on the different domains and ligand recognition mechanisms between PRRs, …
promote the study of the role of the innate immune system in related diseases and even tumors. …

… techniques used for analyzing and detecting microbial activities. Recent research progresses
… microbial biomarkers and bio-recognition ligands used for the detection of microorganisms …

… participates in immune system maturation and … immune response against pathogens
present on epithelial mucosal surfaces. Antimicrobial peptide secretion, inflammasome activation …

… immune system plays a pivotal role in the first line of host defense against infections and is
equipped with patterns recognition … microbial components and directly activate immune cells. …

… Importantly, these cells express germline encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs),
which sense conserved entities from pathogens and orchestrate innate immune responses. …

… brought about by the changes of commensal bacteria to the inflammation of the intestines …
bacteria in healthy people and the mechanism of commensal bacteria and immune response …

… immunity. Using polysaccharide A of Bacteroides fragilis as the paradigm for microbiome-induced
immune responses… symbiont molecules induce antiinflammatory responses. We reveal …

… activation of the innate immune system can aid a useful immune response to the vaccine, a
strong activation could lead to adverse effects ranging from febrile response to septic shock […

… of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that would otherwise activate an inducible
immune response through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). In addition, many of the …

… A component of Gram-negative bacteria, extracellular LPS is sensed by our immune system
via the toll-like receptor (TLR)-4. Given that TLR4 is membrane bound, it recognizes LPS in …